Assays

Blood samples (20 ml) from clinically affected homozygous Npc1 mutation carriers and healthy donors were collected. Negative selection of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages was performed by incubating full blood for 20 min at RT with RosetteSep Human Monocyte Enrichment Cocktail (StemCell Technologies). An equal volume of washing buffer (D-PBS/2% FBS/1 mM EDTA) was added to each sample and layer of macrophages was separated from red blood cells and plasma by centrifugation on a Ficoll ...

Samples were processed and analyszed as described in Behrends et al., Nature 2010.

Anti-HA-immunoprecipitation was performed as previously described (Behrends et al, 2010; Jung et al, 2015; Jung et al, 2017; Sowa et al, 2009). Summarily, expression of TAPL-HA and coreTAPL-HA was induced by addition of 4 µg/ml doxycycline for 24 h in HeLa Flp-In T-REx cells. Parental non-transfected HeLa Flp-In T-REx cells were used as negative control. For each sample, 6.4 x 107 cells were harvested, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C. Cells were lysed in 3 ml MCLB buffer (50 mM ...

Cells (4x 15 cm dishes) were harvested and lysed with 3 ml lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% Nonidet P40 (NP40) and EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail tablets). Centrifugation-cleared lysates (13,000 rpm) were filtered through 0.45 µm spin filters (Millipore Ultrafree-CL) and immunoprecipitated with 60 µl anti-HA resin. Resin containing immune complexes were washed five times with lysis buffer followed by five PBS washes, and elution with 150 µl of 250 mg/ml HA peptide in ...

HeLa cells stably expressing UBE2QL1-APEX2 were grown in lysine- and arginine-free DMEM supplemented with FBS, L-Glutamine, Sodium pyruvate, heavy arginine (R10) (38 μg/ml) and lysine (K8) (66 μg/ml) or light arginine (R0) (38 μg/ml) and lysine (K0) (66 μg/ml), respectively. Further experiments were conducted as soon as the cells reached a protein labelling with heavy amino acids of at least 95%. Heavy-labeled cells were treated with 250 μM Leu-Leu methyl ester hydrobromide (LLOMe, Sigma) for 3 ...

Frozen cell pellets from 4x15 cm cell culture plates were lysed in Glycerol buffer (20 mM Tris [pH 7.4], 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.5 % Triton-X-100, 10 % Glycerol, 1x protease inhibitor, 1x phosphatase inhibitor) for 30 min at 4° C with end-over-end rotation. Lysates were cleared from cell debris by centrifugation prior to adjustment of protein concentrations between the samples and overnight immunoprecipitation at 4° C with pre-equilibrated anti-HA-agarose (Sigma). Agarose beads were washed five ...

Cells were incubated with 500 µM Biotin-Phenol during the last 30 min of LLOMe or GPN treatment and subsequently pulsed by addition of H2O2 for 1 min at room temperature. To stop the biotinylation reaction, they were washed 3x with quencher solution (10 mM sodium azide, 10 mM sodium ascorbate, 5 mM Trolox in DPBS) and 3x with PBS. All further steps were performed at 4°C unless indicated otherwise. After cell harvest with 0.25% Trypsin/EDTA (ThermoFisher Scientific), cells were counted and heavy- ...